80 lines
4.2 KiB
Plaintext
80 lines
4.2 KiB
Plaintext
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Everything in <> is variable and depends on your system / your intention
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The prompt is always shown in your shell:
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<user>@<host>:<path> $
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<user> is the user that is running the shell (important if you work with multiple user accounts e.g. root and user)
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<host> is the hostname of the PC the shell is running on (important if you connect to remote machines)
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<path> is the path where you are currently located at
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As soon as the prompt is shown you can enter any command.
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The 'TAB' key autocompletes commands and paths as soon as there is no ambiguity.
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If multiple possibilities exist 2x'TAB' will diplay them.
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################################################################################
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Commands you should know:
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################################################################################
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man <command> show manual for the command <command>
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exit with 'q'
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ls <options> list directory (mind the space between command and options, this is always the case)
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ls <options> is empty just list the directory
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ls -l <options> is '-l' list directory with more details (permissions owner group size date time filename)
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ls -a <options> is '-a' list directory including hidden files
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ls -a -l <options> are '-a -l' list directory (also hidden files) with more details (mind the space again)
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cd <path> change directory (relative to your current directory)
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cd /<path> change directory (absolute [from the file system root])
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mkdir <folder> create folder
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mkdir -p <path> create all folders to this path
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rm <file> remove the file
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rm -r <folder> remove folder (recursive)
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chmod <permissions> <file> change file permissions (read, write, execute) for owner, group and others
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Permissions are typically shown this way: rwxrwxrwx
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first entry (rwx) is for the owner of the file/folder
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second entry (rwx) is for the group this file/folder belongs to
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third entry (rwx) is for all others
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missing permissions are shown with a dash '-'
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rwxr-xr-- means the owner can do anything; the group can read and execute; all others can only read
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chmod +x <file> make file executable for everyone (+w -> writable; +r -> readable)
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chmod -x <file remove the right to execute for everyone (-w -> writable; -r -> readable)
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chmod u+x <file> make file executable for the owner (u=owner, g=group, o=others a=all)
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chmod u-x <file remove the right to execute for the owner
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cat <file> read file contents (prints the whole file to the terminal)
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less <file> read file contents (page by page) [exit with 'q']
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echo <text> print <text> to the terminal
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echo <text> > <file> print <text> to the file <file> (note the '>' before <file> )
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using the operator '>' the output of every program can be written to a file
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what would 'ls -l > out' do?
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nano <file> edit a file with the "nano" CLI text editor, creates the file if not existing
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./<prog> executes a program in the current directory
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/.../<prog> executes a program in an absolute path (from root)
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/.../<prog> & executes a program in background
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/.../<prog> &>/dev/null executes a program silently with stdout and stderr redirected to /dev/null
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/.../<prog> &>/dev/null & executes a program silently and in background
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chrt -f <prio> <prog> starts <prog> directly with RT priority <prio>, sets policy SCHED_FIFO
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chrt -r <prio> <prog> starts <prog> directly with RT priority <prio>, sets policy SCHED_RR
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chrt -f -p <prio> <id> changes RT priority of running process/thread ID <id> to <prio>, sets policy SCHED_FIFO
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chrt -r -p <prio> <id> changes RT priority of running process/thread ID <id> to <prio>, sets policy SCHED_RR
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sudo <cmd> executes <cmd> as root user
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################################################################################
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Paths you need to know:
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################################################################################
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/ the root of your file system tree
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/home/<user>/ the home directory of the currently logged in user <user>. Shorthand: '~'
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/sys/class/gpio/ access to the gpio pins (if available) - see sysfs |